In Ireland, the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKIS) landscape is characterised as very mature, supported by state bodies such as Teagasc, private organisations like the Agricultural Consultants Association (ACA), and a vibrant ecosystem of research institutions, farm bodies and industry stakeholders. The objective of AKIS, as mandated at an EU level, is to foster a system where innovation is not merely generated by researchers in isolation but co-produced and disseminated by multiple stakeholders so it is more effectively adopted and implemented at the farm level to meet climate, biodiversity, environmental, and economic targets. The Irish AKIS moves beyond the traditional linear research-advisor-farmer model into a dynamic web of interconnected ecosystem roles that include:
Farmers (as Innovators)
In a well-functioning AKIS, farmers are not passive recipients of information, rather they are active innovators, seeking out and testing new knowledge, processes and technologies. Through peer-to-peer learning, Environmental Schemes, Knowledge Transfer Programmes and participation in EIP-AGRI Operational Groups, Irish farmers provide the practical, on-farm evidence necessary to refine scientific research. They co-design new technologies, management practices, and environmental measures, ensuring that these solutions are actually workable at the farm gate.
The Knowledge Generators (Research & Education)
This group serves as the scientific foundation of the system. University Institutes and Teagasc conduct vital research to produce new knowledge or technologies that solve challenges that farmers face. Beyond generating new science, these institutions are also responsible for training the next generation of farmers, advisors, and agri-industry professionals, through highly regarded university degree programmes and the Agricultural Colleges (Ballyhaise, Mountbellew, Kildalton etc.) across Ireland.
The Knowledge Brokers (Advisory Services)
This group acts as the crucial link that translates complex research into practical application. A dual system comprising Teagasc, the public advisory system, and the Agricultural Consultants Association (ACA), a large network of private agricultural consultants, supports farmers with knowledge on farming practices and CAP-related schemes and supports.
The Commercial Drivers (Industry & Private Sector)
Co-operatives and processors like Tirlán, Kerry Group, Dairygold, ABP, and Kepak play a massive role in knowledge transfer. Many have their own sustainability advisors and programs that drive the adoption of knowledge and technologies. Similarly, Agritech companies and input suppliers provide farmers with the tools, technologies, and raw materials they need, acting as essential pillars of knowledge transfer in the Irish AKIS, often interfacing with farmers on a daily basis.
The Translators & Amplifiers (Farm and Regulatory Bodies & Media)
Bord Bia, through the Origin Green program, acts as a bridge between farm-level data and market requirements, translating consumer demand for sustainability into actionable metrics for farmers. Additionally, Farm Bodies are crucial for translating policy to farmers and communicating farmers' needs to policymakers. Finally, the Agricultural Press (such as the Irish Farmers Journal and Agriland) serves as a high-speed dissemination channel. By reporting on research breakthroughs and successful EIP projects, they ensure that knowledge flows to the wider farming public.
These stakeholders are just a snapshot of some of the key actors that make up the Irish AKIS, of which there are many more. If you are an agricultural stakeholder who produces, uses, or shares knowledge, you are part of the AKIS.
AKIS in Action
AKIS and the multi-actor framework that underpins it, can be seen in several CAP interventions in Ireland:
Knowledge Transfer (KT) Groups
AKIS provides the methodology for these groups, moving beyond traditional information sessions toward structured, peer-to-peer, multi-actor learning. For example, if the group is discussing reducing chemical fertiliser use, the advisor will present the latest research, but the core learning occurs when farmers share their own practical successes and failures.
Advisory Services and Continuous Professional Development (CPD)
A robust AKIS requires highly skilled knowledge brokers. The CAP Strategic Plan (CSP) mandates specific training and support for both public (Teagasc) and private (ACA) advisors. By formalising Continuing Professional Development (CPD) training for advisors, the AKIS framework ensures that advisors possess the most current expertise in digital tools, environmental regulations, and sustainable practices, to empower their farming clients.
EIP-AGRI Operational Groups
AKIS provides the multi-actor blueprint for these innovation projects. By funding Operational Groups, the CSP brings together farmers, researchers, and industry stakeholders to co-create solutions for specific challenges, such as water quality or soil health. For example, the Farming for Water EIP brings together farmers, researchers, advisors and state agencies to work together to improve water quality in priority catchments.
With so many diverse stakeholders co-creating and sharing knowledge across these various interventions, strong oversight is required to keep the system aligned.
